animation-fill-mode

The animation-fill-mode CSS property sets how a CSS animation applies styles to its target before and after its execution.

Try it

It is often convenient to use the shorthand property animation to set all animation properties at once.

Syntax

css
/* Single animation */
animation-fill-mode: none;
animation-fill-mode: forwards;
animation-fill-mode: backwards;
animation-fill-mode: both;

/* Multiple animations */
animation-fill-mode: none, backwards;
animation-fill-mode: both, forwards, none;

/* Global values */
animation-fill-mode: inherit;
animation-fill-mode: initial;
animation-fill-mode: revert;
animation-fill-mode: revert-layer;
animation-fill-mode: unset;

Values

none

The animation will not apply any styles to the target when it's not executing. The element will instead be displayed using any other CSS rules applied to it. This is the default value.

forwards

The target will retain the computed values set by the last keyframe encountered during execution. The last keyframe depends on the value of animation-direction and animation-iteration-count:

animation-direction animation-iteration-count last keyframe encountered
normal even or odd 100% or to
reverse even or odd 0% or from
alternate even 0% or from
alternate odd 100% or to
alternate-reverse even 100% or to
alternate-reverse odd 0% or from

Animated properties behave as if included in a set will-change property value. If a new stacking context was created during the animation, the target element retains the stacking context after the animation has finished.

backwards

The animation will apply the values defined in the first relevant keyframe as soon as it is applied to the target, and retain this during the animation-delay period. The first relevant keyframe depends on the value of animation-direction:

animation-direction first relevant keyframe
normal or alternate 0% or from
reverse or alternate-reverse 100% or to
both

The animation will follow the rules for both forwards and backwards, thus extending the animation properties in both directions.

Note: When you specify multiple comma-separated values on an animation-* property, they are applied to the animations in the order in which the animation-names appear. For situations where the number of animations and animation-* property values do not match, see Setting multiple animation property values.

Note: animation-fill-mode has the same effect when creating CSS scroll-driven animations as it does for regular time-based animations.

Formal definition

Initial valuenone
Applies toall elements, ::before and ::after pseudo-elements
Inheritedno
Computed valueas specified
Animation typeNot animatable

Formal syntax

animation-fill-mode = 
<single-animation-fill-mode>#

<single-animation-fill-mode> =
none |
forwards |
backwards |
both

Examples

Setting fill mode

You can see the effect of animation-fill-mode in the following example. It demonstrates how you can make the animation remain in its final state rather than reverting to the original state (which is the default).

HTML

html
<p>Move your mouse over the gray box!</p>
<div class="demo">
  <div class="growsandstays">This grows and stays big.</div>
  <div class="grows">This just grows.</div>
</div>

CSS

css
.demo {
  border-top: 100px solid #ccc;
  height: 300px;
}

@keyframes grow {
  0% {
    font-size: 0;
  }
  100% {
    font-size: 40px;
  }
}

.demo:hover .grows {
  animation-name: grow;
  animation-duration: 3s;
}

.demo:hover .growsandstays {
  animation-name: grow;
  animation-duration: 3s;
  animation-fill-mode: forwards;
}

Result

See CSS animations for more examples.

Specifications

Specification
CSS Animations Level 1
# animation-fill-mode

Browser compatibility

BCD tables only load in the browser

See also